6. THERORY

THERORY

PREMATIC

BASIC CONCEPTS OF MUSIC

SRUTHI, SWARA AND TALA:-

            Sruthi is generally compared to the vedas. Whether we sign or play on instrument. Sruthi is the most important factor. Music without Sruthi is like a child which has lost it’s mother. Each one of the swara sthanas has one Sruthi.

TALA(LAYA):-

            Sruthi is considered as mother, where as Laya is Considered as Father. TALA is the backbone to a composition. Without Sruthi & Laya there is no Music. As how we plan things to do in certain time measurement, Music also has it’s own measurement in LAYA. Setting the waras with in a frame in TALA. Based on this TALA system we will decide the Kala pramana or speed Variations for music or song. A song or tune with out proper Laya is like a travel without proper direction.

SWARA:-

            “Swara” the word is a combination of two words Swayam and Ranjaka. Swayam means its own and ranjakam means it sweetness. Swa +ran = Swaram means that which makes its own sweetness.

SAPTASWARAS:-

            There are Seven Swaras in Music, which are called Saptaswaaras. Out of these seven Swaras we should consider Shadjama Swara as mother and Panchama Swara as Father. The remaining 5 Swaras are Rishaba ( R) Gandhara (Ga) Madhyma(Ma) Divatha (Da) and Nishada(Ni).

ADITALAM:-

            Aditalam is one of the 35 Talas. Chaturasra Jati Triputa Talam is calle as Adi Talam. Its has two angas. Laghu and Dhrutham. Chaturastra jati laghu means after one beat counting the fingers from little finger to middle finger, (4 Kriyas) Two dhruthams will follow the laghu. Aditalam with symbols is given below.

Laghu              Dhrutam          Dhrutam

1 / 4                 0 / 2                 0 / 2

SRGM             PD                   NS

KALA PRAMANAM:-

            Kala Pramanam is related to Tala Prakriya. This indicaes the time factor in the count. Counting one swara for each kriya is called prathama kala, two swaras for each kriya is dvitheeya kala, four swaras for each kriya is called Thriteeya kala. Singing any Swara or item in these three kalas are called Thrikala Vidhanam. Even though there are some other Kalapramanas, mainly these Trikalas are only prominently used.

THALAS

Thalas are 7 and Thala Angas are 3

THALA  ANGAS

S.No.	Thala Angamu	Symbols	Viluva
1.	Anu Druthamu	C	01
2.	Druthamu	0	02
3.	Laguvu	1	4, 3, 7, 5, 9 Depend on Jathi

35 THALAS CHART

S.No	Thalam	Angams	Chaturasra	Tisra	Misra	Kanda	Sankeerna
1.	Druva	1011	14	11	23	17	29
2.	Mathya	101	10	08	16	12	20
3.	Rupaka	01	6	5	9	7	11
4.	Jampe	1C0	7	6	10	8	12
5.	Triputa	100	8	7	11	9	13
6.	Ata	1100	12	10	18	14	22
7.	Eaka	1	4	3	7	15	9

 Saptha Thalas:

1.      Druva  -           Chaturasra

2.      Mathya-           Chaturasra

3.      Rupaka-           Chaturasra

4.      Triputa-           Tisra

5.      Ata      -           Kanda

6.      Jampe  -           Misra

7.      Eaka    -           Chaturasra

Thala Angamulu

1.      Druthamu                               

2.      Anu Druthamu

3.      Lagu

4.      Pluthamu

5.      Kaaka Padamu

Jathulu

Tisra    -           3

Chaturasra       4

Kanda              5

Misra               7

Sankeerna        9